Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study participants

Sex (male/female)

329/247

Age (years)

 Mean (SD)

55. 7 (11.0)

 Range

15–84

BMI (kg/m²)

 Mean (SD)

25.2 (1.3)

 Range

23.0–30.5

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

 Mean (SD)

159.2 (16.7)

 Range

127.0–199.0

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

 Mean (SD)

96.7 (7.3)

 Range

70.0–110.0

Preoperative HbA1c (%)

 Mean (SD)

8.2 (1.2)

 Range

6.0–10.9

Recurrent vitreous hemorrhage HbA1c (%)

 Mean (SD)

10.0 (0.6)

 Range

7.8–10.9

Preoperative fasting blood sugar (mmol/L)

 Mean (SD)

6.0 (1.2)

 Range

3.8–8.0

Duration of diabetes (years)

 Mean (SD)

14.0 (6.5)

 Range

1.0–25.0

History of cardiovascular disease (yes/no)

74/502

History of cerebrovascular diseases (yes/no)

90/486

Treatment with anticoagulant drugs (yes/no)

146/430

Smoke (yes/no)

330/246

Vitreous injection of anti-VEGF drugs (razumab/abciximab)

312/239