Inverted U-shaped relationship between HbA1c and diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 Threshold effect analysis for the relationship between HbA1 C and DR

Models	Incidence of retinopathy Adjusted OR (95%CI)	P-value
Model I
One line slope	1.11 (1.03, 1.20)	0.0045^*
Model II
Turning point (K)	9.4
< 9.4 slope 1	1.28 (1.16, 1.42)	< 0.0001^*
> 9.4 slope 2	0.81 (0.68, 0.98)	0.0270^*
Slope 2 – Slope 1	0.64 (0.51, 0.80)	0.0001^*
Predicted at 9.4	− 0.11(− 0.32, 0.10)
LRT test	< 0.001^#

Data were presented as OR (95%CI) P-value; Model I, linear analysis; Model II, non-linear analysis. LRT test, Logarithmic likelihood ratio test.(p-value < 0.05 means Model II is significantly different from Model I, which indicates a non-linear relationship; adjust for age, sex, SBP, DBP, AC, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL, HDL, Ischaemic Heart Disease, ACEI and/or ARB use, β-blocker use, Diuretic use and ABI. *, p < 0.05. #, indicates that Model II is significant different from Model I

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