From post-war reconstruction to the twenty-first century – ophthalmic pathology in Freiburg 1945–2015: review of 39,256 surgical specimens from various topographical regions collected over 71 years at a large German tertiary eye care centre

Table 26 Comparison of various eyeball lesions

Author	Spraul and Grossniklaus [17]	Current study	Hansen et al. [28]	de Gottrau et al. [29]	Saeed et al. [30]	Current study	Geirsdottir et al. [31]	Spraul and Grossniklaus [17]	Current study	Chan et al. [32]	Current study	Current study
Region	Atlanta	Freiburg	Copenhagen	Erlangen	Leeds	Freiburg	Iceland	Atlanta	Freiburg	Toronto	Freiburg	Freiburg
Time period	1941–1947	1945–1954	1975–1996¹⁾	1980–1990	1984–2003	1985–1994	1992–2004	1995	1995–2004	2004–2013	2005–2015	1945–2015
Number	n = 117	n = 374	n = 1,028 ²⁾	n = 1,146	n = 285	n = 624	n = 56	n = 104	n = 438	n = 713 ²⁾	n = 274	n = 3,555
Trauma	48.7%	28%	18%	37.4%	22%	26%	39%	33.7%	10%	16%	20%	25%
Malignant tumour	12.8%	14%	27%	19.6%	19%	18%	20%	30.8%	19%	36%	11%	19%
Glaucoma	10% ³⁾	14%	26%	3.2%	17%	8.2%	20%	2.9% ³⁾	8.4%	21%	1.4%	8.6%
Vascular disease	6.0%	1.6% ⁴⁾	-	16.2%	-	14% ⁴⁾	-	7.7%	10% ⁴⁾	-	14% ⁴⁾	8.4% ⁴⁾
Bulbar inflammation	10.3%	8.3%	16%	7.0%	11%	6.6%	16%	2.9%	6.2%	17%	11%	6.7%
Surgical disease	9.4% ⁵⁾	-	-	8.9%	-	-	-	12% ⁵⁾	-	-	-	-
Postoperative complication	⁶⁾	4.6%	2.9%	-	1.4%	6.3%	-	⁶⁾	14%	⁶⁾	17%	6.6%
Retinal detachment	⁶⁾	0.8%	4.6%	4.0%	9.5%	5.5%	-	⁶⁾	8.0%	3%	5.4%	4.1%
Phthisis	⁶⁾	2.9%		3.4% ⁷⁾	11% ⁸⁾	0.8%	-	⁶⁾	8.7%	⁶⁾	2.9%	2.3%
Other eyeball category	2.6%	25% ⁹⁾	4.5% ¹⁰⁾	1.4% ¹¹⁾	9.1%	15% ⁹⁾	5.4% ¹²⁾	10.6	15% ⁹⁾	7%	17% ⁹⁾	19% ⁹⁾

Relative frequencies of leading histological diagnostic categories of eyeball lesions (enucleations) and comparison of current study results at various time intervals with six other studies. Percentages may not total 100 due to rounding
¹⁾ Specimens collected and diagnosed in 1975–76, 1985–86, 1995–96; the total number of diagnostic categories in the various intervals is comparable, except for glaucoma and trauma, which decrease over the entire observation period [28]
²⁾ Includes eviscerations [28, 32]
³⁾ Secondary glaucoma [17]
⁴⁾ Excludes diabetes
⁵⁾ i.e. cataract, primary glaucoma, retinal detachment and various corneal diseases, resulting in enucleation [17]
⁶⁾ Not specified separately
⁷⁾ Includes atrophia and not classified phthisis [29]
⁸⁾ Includes atrophia (12.5%) [30]
⁹⁾ For individual sub-categories see Table 17
¹⁰⁾ Includes phthisis bulbi (59%) [28]
¹¹⁾ Miscellaneous lesion [29]
¹²⁾ Unknown (33%), congenital (67%) [31]

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